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1.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 66(2): e20210117, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387821

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the spatial distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and tritrophic interactions (fruit-fruit fly parasitoid) contributes to the monitoring and maintenance of the numerical density at a level lower than economic damage. The purpose of this study was to identify the spatial distribution and associations of fruit flies with their parasitoids and host plants in the municipality of Bom Jesus-PI. The flies were obtained from fruit collection from July 2018 to May 2019. A total of 1,711 individuals were obtained, represented by six species: Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835), An. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), An. alveata Stone, 1942, An. sororcula Zucchi, 1979, An. zenildae Zucchi, 1979 and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). Anastrepha obliqua was the species with the widest distribution throughout the ecotone area. Ceratitis capitata is distributed only in the urban perimeter. A tritrophic relationship occurred between four species of parasitoids, Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958) or Opius sp. associated with An. obliqua in Spondias mombin or S. tuberosa fruits. Opius sp. has also been associated with An. alveata in Ximenia americana. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae was obtained from C. capitata in Malpighia emarginata, in addition to An. obliqua in Averrhoa carambola. Therefore, fruit flies are associated with native fruit trees (S. tuberosa, S. mombin, S. purpurea, P. acutangulum, Inga laurina, X. americana) and exotic fruits (M. emarginata, A. carambola, P. guajava). Ceratitis capitata was recorded for the first time in the state of Piauí infesting I. laurina (Sw.) Willd. This is the first record of the parasitoid genus Spalangia. in An. obliqua in Piauí and in the semiarid region of Brazil.

2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(1): 166-176, jan./fev. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048570

ABSTRACT

The toxicity of some insecticides to Helicoverpa armigera was studied through sublethal effects, evaluating the enzymatic activity of esterase and the behavioral response. The commercial formulation of insecticides selected were chlorpyrifos, spinosad, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrinand Bacillus thuringiensis, corresponding the most used by farmers to control of H. armigera. To determine the esterase activity, the larvae were fed with soybean leaf discs dipped in insecticide solution using the lethal concentration (LC50). For the behavioral response, filter paper were immersed in three concentrations of insecticides (LC50, LC95 and recommend dose.), then the behavior of the larvae observed in Videomex-One. The results for the enzymatic activity showed an increase in the activity of the esterase, with variation along the treatments and the time of exposure of the insects to the insecticides. With exception of spinosad, other insecticides showed an increase in EST-α activity, 6 and 24 hours after contact of caterpillars with insecticide.Different behavioral patterns of walking (walking distance, walking speed and resting time) were observed for H. armigera exposed to different insecticides. H. armigera exposed to chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and B. thuringiensis insecticides show greater esterase activity. Regarding walking behavior, the results confirms enzymatic activity, where H. armigera have behavioral alteration after exposure to insecticide.


A toxicidade de alguns inseticidas a Helicoverpa armigera foi estudada através de efeitos subletais, avaliando a atividade enzimática da esterase e a resposta comportamental. A formulação comercial dos inseticidas selecionados foram clorpirifos, espinosad, indoxacarb, clorantraniliprole, lambda-cialotrina eBacillus thuringiensis utilizados pelos agricultores para controle de H. armigera. Para determinar a atividade da esterase, as larvas foram alimentadas com discos de folha de soja mergulhados em solução de inseticida usando a concentração letal (CL50). Para os testes de características comportamentais, papel filtro foi imerso em três concentrações de inseticidas (CL50, CL95 e dose recomendada), posteriormente o comportamento das larvas foi observado em Videomex-One. Os resultados para a atividade enzimática mostraram aumento da atividade daesterase, com variação ao longo dos tratamentos e do tempo de exposição dos insetos aos inseticidas. Com exceção do spinosad, outros inseticidas mostraram um aumento na atividade EST-α, 6 e 24 horas após o contato das lagartas com inseticida. Diferentes padrões comportamentais de caminhada (distância percorrida, velocidade de caminhada e tempo de repouso) para H. armigera exposto a diferentes classes de inseticidas. H. armigera exposta aos inseticidas clorpirifos, lambda-cialotrina e B. thuringiensis mostraram maior atividade da esterase. Em relação ao comportamento ambulante, os resultados confirmam a atividade enzimática, onde H. armigera teve alteração comportamental após exposição ao inseticida.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Pests , Insecticides , Pest Control , Esterases
3.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(1): 112-121, jan./feb. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966616

ABSTRACT

Lepidopteran pests are one of the major constraints to the soybean production potential, whose defoliating caterpillars can occur throughout the crop cycle causing serious damage. Therefore, the objective was to study the population fluctuation of lepidopteran pests and the association of species with the growth stages of soybean cultivars in the Cerrado of Piaui State, Brazil, in order to obtain data to support integrated pest management in the crop. The experiments had as a source of variation thirteen cultivars with fourteen evaluations. The design used was completely randomized in split plots being the cultivars plots and subplots the cultivars phenological stages. The monitoring was conducted by shake-cloth method at random points. Weekly samplings were performed. Generally, species of lepidopteran pests occurred in all soybean phenological stages, especially Chrysodeixis includens and Anticarsia gemmatalis that were present from the beginning to the end of the crop.


Lepidópteros-praga estão entre os principais entraves ao potencial de produção de soja, cujas lagartas desfolhadoras podem ocorrer ao longo do ciclo da cultura, causando sérios danos. Portanto, o objetivo foi estudar a flutuação populacional de lepidópteros-praga e a associação dessas espécies com os estádios de crescimento de cultivares de soja no Cerrado do Estado de Piauí, a fim de obter dados para apoiar o manejo integrado de pragas na cultura. Os experimentos tiveram como fonte de variação treze cultivares com catorze avaliações. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os cultivares as parcelas e as subparcelas os estádios fenológicos dos cultivares. O monitoramento foi realizado por meio do método de pano-de-batida em pontos aleatórios. Foram realizadas amostragens semanais. Em geral, espécies de lepidópteros-praga ocorreram em todos os estádios fenológicos da cultura da soja, especialmente Chrysodeixis includens e Anticarsia gemmatalis que estavam presentes desde o início até o final da cultura.


Subject(s)
Glycine max , Crop Production , Pest Control , Grassland , Lepidoptera
4.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 85: e0882016, 2018.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-987430

ABSTRACT

For the first time, the presence of Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal is being recorded in mandacaru fruits [Cereus jamacaru DC.], in the municipality of Alvorada do Gurgueia, in the south-central region of the State of Piauí, Brazil (8º22'35.63" S, 43º51'25,96" W). Eleven specimens were obtained from mandacaru fruits in an area of native forest between February and May of 2016. This is the first record of N. zadolicha in a Cactaceae species.(AU)


Registra-se a ocorrência de Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal pela primeira vez em frutos de mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.), no município de Alvorada do Gurgueia, centro-sul do estado do Piauí (8º22'35.63" S, 43º51'25,96" W). Foram obtidos 11 exemplares de frutos de mandacaru, em área de mata nativa, de fevereiro de 2016 a maio de 2016. Este é o primeiro registro de N. zadolicha em uma espécie de Cactaceae.(AU)


Subject(s)
Agricultural Pests , Cactaceae , Diptera
5.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 82: 1-5, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1026485

ABSTRACT

Os estudos foram conduzidos em pomares de goiaba, em dois municípios do estado de São Paulo. Em Monte Alegre do Sul, o levantamento foi realizado em uma estação experimental da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, na qual foram coletadas 13 espécies de Anastrepha, desde janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2003. Em Monte Alto, em pomar comercial, foram coletadas oito espécies, desde janeiro a dezembro de 2004. Anastrepha fraterculus foi a espécie mais frequente nos dois municípios. Os parâmetros climáticos exerceram baixa influência sobre a flutuação populacional das espécies de Anastrepha, nos dois pomares. Os picos populacionais das espécies de Anastrepha mais abundantes variaram entre os pomares. A disponibilidade de frutos no pomar e nos entornos é o fator que determina o tamanho das populações de moscas-das-frutas.(AU)


Studies were carried out in guava orchards, in two municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. In Monte Alegre do Sul, the survey was done in an experimental station of Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, in which 13 Anastrepha species were collected from January 2002 to December 2003. In Monte Alto, in a commercial orchard, eight species were captured, from January to December 2004. Anastrepha fraterculus was the most frequent species in both municipalities. The climatic parameters had low influence on the population fluctuation of the Anastrepha species in both orchards. The most common population peaks of Anastrepha species varied between the orchards. The availability of fruits in the orchard and nearby them is the factor that determines the size of the fruit fly populations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Climate Change , Pest Control , Climate , Tephritidae , Psidium , Agricultural Pests
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